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How does a supercapacitor store electrical energy?

Batteries employ chemical reactions to create electrical energy, while supercapacitors store electrical energy by a mechanism called the electric double layer (EDL) effect. This article will explore the EDL operation of supercapacitor devices in further detail in Section 2, while comparing it to other classes of electrical storage devices.

What is the difference between a battery and a supercapacitor?

While the construction of both is somewhat similar, the two devices have different physical mechanisms of operation. Batteries employ chemical reactions to create electrical energy, while supercapacitors store electrical energy by a mechanism called the electric double layer (EDL) effect.

Do supercapacitors have a high specific power vs specific energy?

Typically supercapacitors are used for their high specific power (W/kg). However, the specific energy of present commercial supercapacitors is lower than that of most batteries. Fig. 2 is a Ragone plot depicting the specific power vs specific energy for a range of different types of electric energy storage devices.

How does a supercapacitor increase the voltage range?

Increasing the voltage range of a supercapacitor is generally a function of the electrolyte employed, since at too high voltages, the electrolyte will chemically decompose. Referring to Eqs. (3), (2), it can be seen that power, and subsequently energy, is proportional to voltage squared.