All-aluminum liquid flow battery electrode reaction

Why do redox flow batteries have porous electrodes?

Porous electrodes are critical in determining the power density and energy efficiency of redox flow batteries. These electrodes serve as platforms for mesoscopic flow, microscopic ion diffusion, and interfacial electrochemical reactions.

How do redox-active batteries work?

Fundamentally, they have adopted electrode designs from conventional rigid batteries that rely on the mechanical coupling (solid-to-solid contact) of the redox-active species and the conductive filler (Fig. 1A). A coupled electrode requires a binder to provide mechanical integrity in the solid matrix by holding the respective components together.

What are aqueous aluminum-ion batteries?

In recent years, aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs, hereafter) have become an essential direction for materials science and engineering research. (1−4) Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, AAIBs have many advantages regarding being inexpensive, having high safety, and being abundant.

Why do redox-active electrofluid batteries have a lower volumetric capacity?

Furthermore, thicker electrodes tend to have higher electrical resistance and tortuosity that hinder electrical and ion transport, limiting access to the active species in the solid electrode, resulting in a lower effective volumetric capacity (11, 12). Fig. 1. Redox-active electrofluid stretchable battery concept.